Part 2A: Navigating the Healthcare System in Aotearoa New Zealand: Diagnosis and treatment

In New Zealand, the healthcare system for head and neck cancer patients is managed primarily through the public healthcare system, which is funded by the government and provides services either free or at a reduced cost. Here’s an overview of how the system works for head and neck cancer patients, from diagnosis through to treatment and support:

1. Primary Healthcare

• General Practitioners (GPs):
  The first point of contact for most patients experiencing symptoms. GPs can perform initial evaluations, such as physical exams, and refer patients to specialists if they suspect cancer.

• Referral to Specialists:
  If a head and neck cancer is suspected, GPs will refer patients to a specialist. This person is usually an Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) specialist or an oncologist. The referral is for further evaluation and testing. This referral process can vary, but it is prioritised when cancer is suspected.

2. Diagnosis and Assessment

• Specialist Assessment:
  ENT specialists or head and neck surgeons assess patients using imaging techniques (e.g., CT, MRI scans) and may perform biopsies to confirm a diagnosis.

• Multidisciplinary Team (MDT):
  Once diagnosed, a team of healthcare professionals, including surgeons, oncologists, radiologists, pathologists, and specialised nurses, dietitians, speech language therapists, and physiotherapists who collaborate to create a personalised treatment plan. The MDT approach ensures comprehensive care that addresses the unique needs of each patient, including your loved one.

3. Treatment Options

• Surgery:
  For many head and neck cancers, surgery is often the primary treatment. This may involve removing the tumour and potentially affected lymph nodes. Some patients may need reconstructive surgery following tumour removal.

• Radiation Therapy and Chemotherapy:
  Depending on the type and stage of cancer, patients may receive radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or both, either as primary treatments or in conjunction with surgery.

• Targeted and Immunotherapy:
  In some cases, targeted therapy or immunotherapy may be recommended, especially for cancers associated with Human Papillomavirus (HPV).

4. Support Services

• Cancer Society of New Zealand

  The Cancer Society offers comprehensive support, including:​

  • Information and Support: Access to resources and guidance to help patients and their families understand and manage the cancer journey. ​Cancer Society New Zealand

  • Volunteer Driving Services: Transportation assistance to and from treatment sessions.​

  • Accommodation: Provision of accommodation for patients receiving treatment away from home. ​Cancer Society New Zealand

  • Cancer Information Helpline: A phone line staffed by trained health professionals for discussing concerns and needs. ​Cancer Society New Zealand

  Head and Neck Cancer Support Network

  This network connects individuals affected by head and neck cancer:​ Head and Neck Cancer Support Network

  • Support Groups: Opportunities to share experiences and receive support from others in similar situations.​ Head and Neck Cancer Support Network

  • Advocacy: Efforts to promote early detection and timely treatment, addressing inequalities that may affect groups of people affected by head and neck cancer. ​These groups include Māori, Pasifika, elderly, regional populations and those affected by post-code care.

  Traditional Māori and Pasifika Healing

  Incorporating cultural practices into care, these services offer:​

  • Traditional Māori Healing (Rongoā Māori): Therapies based on native plants, massage, and spiritual healing.​ Cancer Society New Zealand

  • Traditional Pasifika Healing: Holistic approaches addressing mental, emotional, physical, and spiritual needs, utilising medicinal plants, herbs, stones, and massage. ​Cancer Society New Zealand

  Counseling and Psychological Support

  Professional counselling services are available to help patients and their families cope with the emotional aspects of a cancer diagnosis and treatment. These services can be accessed through:​

  • Referrals from GPs or Treatment Teams: Healthcare providers can connect patients with qualified counsellors.​

  • Cancer Society Resources: The Cancer Society provides information on counselling options and support services. ​Cancer Society New Zealand

  Cultural and Spiritual Support

  Hospitals across New Zealand offer services to address spiritual, cultural, and advocacy needs, including: ​Cancer Society New Zealand

  • Māori and Pasifika Health Workers: Professionals who provide culturally appropriate support to patients and their families.​

  • Hospital Chaplains: Available for spiritual support through prayer and reflection. ​Cancer Society New Zealand

  These support services aim to provide comprehensive care to patients undergoing treatment for head and neck cancer, addressing various aspects of well-being throughout their cancer journey.

ACTIVITY

Find out which specialist is acting as your loved one’s lead clinician.

We advocate for every patient to have a lead clinician. https://www.headandneck.org.nz/advancements/lead-clinician